在英语学习中，我们要掌握相关的语法知识。下面是51自学小编收集整理的初二英语下册语法知识归纳以供大家学习。
 

　　主动语态比被动语态直接而有力，多用主动语态，可以使文章充满朝气，呈现活力。

       在下列两组句子中， (b)比(a)有力：

　　(1)a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.

　　b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.

　　(2)a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.

　　b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.

　　虽然如此，在某些情况下，非用被动语态不可。前此已提过这事，这里不再重述。这里只有指出其中一点，就是有些动词，如 "base, schedule, expect, suppose" 等，通常以被动语态形式出现。
 

　　例如：

　　(1)This survey was based on facts.

　　(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.

　　(3)You are expected to come on time.

　　(4)All are supposed to work hard.

　　除了上述这些动词之外，还有十种，几乎都以被动式出现。

　　(一)有关“疾病”的动词，如：

　　(1)Helen's left lung is infected.

　　(2)He is confined to the house by illness.

　　(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.

　　(二)有关“疲乏”的动词，如：

　　(4)I am completely exhausted after the game.

　　(5)Tom was done up after the race.

　　(三)有关“喜乐”的动词，如：

　　(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.

　　(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.

　　(8)I am very pleased to see you here.

　　(四)有关“延迟”或“障碍”的动词，如：

　　(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.

　　(10)The road was blocked by ice.

　　(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.

　　(五)有关“惯性动作”的动词，如：

　　(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.

　　(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.

　　(六)有关“烦恼”或“焦急”的动词，如：

　　(14)Who was upset by John?

　　(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.

　　(七)有关“惊奇”或“震惊”的动词，如：

　　(16)I was surprised to see him here.

　　(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.

　　(八)有关“包围”的动词，如：

　　(18)The troops were surrounded.

　　(19)Troy was besieged.

　　(九)有关“沾污”或“污化”的动词，如：

　　(20)Judy's reputation is tarnished.

　　(21)The water was contaminated with oil.

　　(十)有关“害怕”或“混乱”的动词，如：

　　(22)All were frightened out of their wits.

　　(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.

 

　　从结构上说，英语连接词分两大类：并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)和从属连词(subordinating conjunctions)。

　　并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。

       例如：(1)Air and water are indispensable to me.

　　(2)She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.

　　(3)Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.

　　从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如：

　　(4)He said that he did not want to go .

　　(5)Many things have happened since I last saw him.

　　(6)You may come if you want to.

　　上述连词的用法，看起来不难，但错误也难免。下面是些好例子：
 

　　(1)This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book.

　　这里的“as well as”和“both”不能搭配，应该将“as well ”改为“and”，使“both……and……”变成关联连词( correlative conjunction)
 

　　(2)He not only speaks Mandarin but also English.

　　这里的“not only”应该移到“speaks”后面，使这个动词兼顾两个等立宾语：“Mandarin”和“English”。
 

　　(3)Although he is fat, but he is very weak.

　　英语里的“although”和“but”是不见面的 ，因此这句里的“ but”要去掉，不然“although”就要出来。
 

　　(4)Jim is not so strong like you.

　　这里的“not so”必须和“as”连成一体;介词“like”是不适宜的。
 

　　(5)No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.

　　"No sooner"必须和"than" 配成关联连词，把"than" 省掉是不对的，应该补上：

　　No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.

　　这句子的意思也可透过“as soon as”反映出来：

　　“As soon as we reached our destination, they left.”
 

　　(6)I took a taxi and which took me to the station.

　　这里的并列连词“and”是多余的，必须去掉。如果要保留“and ”也可，但是形容词分句里的关系代词“Which”要改成主语“it” ，使整个句子变成并列分句如下：

　　I took a taxi and it took me to the station.
 

　　(7)My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly.

　　这里的“and”应该用来连接最后两个谓语才对：

　　My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly.

　　不然，就要把“said”改成“saying”。

　　My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying good-bye excitedly.