自学教程：Python实现贪吃蛇小游戏(单人模式)

def new_food(head):    while True:        # 循环，不断实例化new_food对象直到生成一个不与蛇头重合的食物        new_food = Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))        # 若new_food和蛇头重合则不创键        if new_food.x != head.x and new_food.y != head.y:            break        else:            continue    return new_food

# 在窗体中绘制贪吃蛇# 形参：一个是颜色另一个是实例化对象def draw_snake(color, object):    pygame.draw.circle(window, color, (object.x, object.y), 10)    # 在窗体中绘制食物# 形参：实例化对象def draw_food(food):    pygame.draw.circle(window, food.color, (food.x, food.y), 10)

# 游戏结束时，单人模式显示得分的窗体的设置def show_end_single():    while True:        window.blit(init_background, (0, 0))        for event in pygame.event.get():            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                exit_end()        # 定义标题        pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇大冒险")        # 定义提示文字        font = pygame.font.SysFont("simHei", 40)        fontsurf = font.render('游戏结束! 你的得分为: %s' % score, False, black)        window.blit(fontsurf, (250, 100))        button("返回主菜单", 370, 300, 200, 40, blue, brightred, into_game)        button("退出游戏", 370, 470, 200, 40, red, brightred, exit_end)        pygame.display.update()        clock.tick(20)

def exit_end():    pygame.quit()    sys.exit()

def start_game():    # 播放音乐    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)    # 定义存分数的全局变量    global score    score = 0    # 定义存放玩家键盘输入运动方向的变量，初始为向右    run_direction = "right"    # 定义贪吃蛇运动方向的变量，初始为玩家键入方向    run = run_direction    # 实例化贪吃蛇和食物对象    head = Snake(randint(0, 30) * 20, randint(0, 20) * 20)    # 实例化蛇身长度为2个单位    snake_body = [Snake(head.x, head.y + 20), Snake(head.x, head.y + 40)]    # 实例化食物列表，列表随着其中食物被吃掉应该不断缩短    food_list = [Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))]    for i in range(1,24):        food_list.append(Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255))))    # 实例化单个食物，方便循环内生成单个新食物    food = Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))    while True:        window.blit(background, (0,0))        # 监听玩家键盘输入的运动方向值，并根据输入转为up、down、right或left，方便程序中调用        # pygame.event.get()返回一个列表，存放本次game执行中程序遇到的一连串事件（按时间顺序依次存放）        for event in pygame.event.get():            # pygame.QUIT事件是指用户点击窗口右上角的"×"            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                # 显示结果界面                show_end()            # 若事件类型是按下键盘，分↑ ↓ ← →四种情况讨论            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                # 若事件类型是按下键盘↑                # key是键值，表示按下去的键值是什么                if event.key == ord('w'):                    run_direction = "up"                # 若事件类型是按下键盘↓                if event.key == ord('s'):                    run_direction = "down"                # 若事件类型是按下键盘←                if event.key == ord('a'):                    run_direction = "left"                # 若事件类型是按下键盘→                if event.key == ord('d'):                    run_direction = "right"        # 绘制初始化的25个食物图像(24+1=25)        # 随着该列表中的食物被吃掉，列表应该不断pop以清除已经被吃的事物        for item in food_list:            draw_food(item)        # 绘制被贪吃蛇吃掉后新增的食物图像        draw_food(food)        # 绘制蛇头图像        draw_snake(black, head)        # 绘制蛇身图像        for item in snake_body:            draw_snake(blue, item)        # 判断贪吃蛇原运动方向(run)与玩家键盘输入的运动方向(run_direction)是否违反正常运动情况        if run == "up" and not run_direction == "down":            run = run_direction        elif run == "down" and not run_direction == "up":            run = run_direction        elif run == "left" and not run_direction == "right":            run = run_direction        elif run == "right" and not run_direction == "left":            run = run_direction        # 插入蛇头位置到蛇身列表中        snake_body.insert(0, Snake(head.x, head.y))        # 根据玩家键入方向进行蛇头xy的更新        if run == "up":            head.y -= 20        elif run == "down":            head.y += 20        elif run == "left":            head.x -= 20        elif run == "right":            head.x += 20        # 判断是否死亡        die_flag = False        # 遍历存放贪吃蛇位姿的列表，从第1个开始，(第0个位蛇头)        for body in snake_body[1:]:            # 如果蛇头的xy和蛇身xy相等，则判定相撞，设置flag为ture            if head.x == body.x and head.y == body.y:                die_flag = True        # 若蛇头的xy在显示窗体外，或flag为true，则显示结束界面，并退出游戏        if die_flag == True or head.x < 0 or head.x > 960 or head.y < 0 or head.y > 600:            # 停止播放音乐            pygame.mixer.music.stop()            show_end()        # die_snake(head, snake_body)        # 判断蛇头和食物坐标，若相等，则加分，并生成新的食物        # 定义标志，表明是否找到和蛇头相等的事物        global flag        flag = 0        # 如果蛇头和食物重合        for item in food_list:            if head.x == item.x and head.y == item.y or head.x == food.x and head.y == food.y:                flag = 1                score += 1                # 弹出被吃掉的这个食物                food_list.pop(food_list.index(item))                # 再产生一个食物                food = new_food(head)                # 把新食物插入food_list，下一次循环中会更新绘制食物全体                food_list.append(food)                break        if flag == 0:            snake_body.pop()        font = pygame.font.SysFont("simHei", 25)        mode_title = font.render('正常模式', False, grey)        socre_title = font.render('得分: %s' % score, False, grey)        window.blit(mode_title, (50, 30))        window.blit(socre_title, (50, 65))        # 更新蛇头蛇身和食物的数据        pygame.display.update()        # 通过帧率设置贪吃蛇速度        clock.tick(8)

def start_kgame_single():    # 播放音乐    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)    global score    score = 0    # 定义存放玩家键盘输入运动方向的变量，初始为向右    run_direction = "right"    # 定义贪吃蛇运动方向的变量，初始为玩家键入方向    run = run_direction    # 实例化蛇头、蛇身、食物对象    head = Snake(160, 160)    # 实例化蛇身    snake_body = [Snake(head.x, head.y + 20), Snake(head.x, head.y + 40), Snake(head.x, head.y + 60)]    # 实例化食物列表，列表随着其中食物被吃掉应该不断缩短    food_list = [Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))]    for i in range(1,24):        food_list.append(Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255))))    # 实例化单个食物，方便循环内生成单个新食物    food = Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))    # 死循环，监听键盘键值    while True:        window.blit(background, (0, 0))        for event in pygame.event.get():            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                show_end_single()            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                # 若事件类型是按下键盘w                # key是键值，表示按下去的键值是什么                if event.key == ord('w'):                    run_direction = "up"                # 若事件类型是按下键盘s                if event.key == ord('s'):                    run_direction = "down"                # 若事件类型是按下键盘a                if event.key == ord('a'):                    run_direction = "left"                # 若事件类型是按下键盘d                if event.key == ord('d'):                    run_direction = "right"        # 绘制初始化的25个食物图像(24+1=25)        # 随着该列表中的食物被吃掉，列表应该不断pop以清除已经被吃的事物        for item in food_list:            draw_food(item)        # 绘制被贪吃蛇吃掉后新增的食物图像        draw_food(food)        # 绘制蛇头图像        draw_snake(black, head)        # 绘制蛇身图像        for item in snake_body:            draw_snake(blue, item)        # 判断贪吃蛇原运动方向与玩家键盘输入的运动方向是否违反正常运动情况        if run == "up" and not run_direction == "down":  # 若运动方向为向上，玩家输入运动方向向下，则违背贪吃蛇正常运动情况            run = run_direction        elif run == "down" and not run_direction == "up":            run = run_direction        elif run == "left" and not run_direction == "right":            run = run_direction        elif run == "right" and not run_direction == "left":            run = run_direction        # 插入蛇头位置到蛇身列表中        snake_body.insert(0, Snake(head.x, head.y))        # 根据玩家键入方向进行蛇头xy的更新        if run == "up":            head.y -= 20        elif run == "down":            head.y += 20        elif run == "left":            head.x -= 20        elif run == "right":            head.x += 20        # 穿墙实现        # 定义标志位        die_flag = False        # 遍历，蛇头碰到蛇身时，flag为true退出游戏        for body in snake_body[1:]:            if head.x == body.x and head.y == body.y:                die_flag = True        if die_flag:            pygame.mixer.music.stop()            show_end()        else:             # 当蛇头穿出窗体时有四种情况，分别讨论            if head.x < 0:                head.x = 960            if head.x > 960:                head.x = 0            if head.y < 0:                head.y = 600            if head.y > 600:                head.y = 0        # 判断蛇头和食物坐标，若相等，则加分，并生成新的食物        # 定义标志，表明是否找到和蛇头相等的事物        global flag        flag = 0        # 如果蛇头和食物重合        for item in food_list:            if head.x == item.x and head.y == item.y or head.x == food.x and head.y == food.y:                flag = 1                score += 1                # 弹出被吃掉的这个食物                food_list.pop(food_list.index(item))                # 再产生一个食物                food = new_food(head)                # 把新食物插入food_list，下一次循环中会更新绘制食物全体                food_list.append(food)                break        # 若没吃到食物则从蛇身pop一个元素以更新蛇位置        if flag == 0:            snake_body.pop()        font = pygame.font.SysFont("simHei", 25)        mode_title = font.render('穿墙模式', False, grey)        socre_title = font.render('得分: %s' % score, False, grey)        window.blit(mode_title, (50, 30))        window.blit(socre_title, (50, 65))        # 绘制更新        pygame.display.update()        # 通过帧率设置贪吃蛇速度        clock.tick(8)

def button(msg, x, y, w, h, ic, ac, action=None):    # 获取鼠标位置    mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()    # 获取鼠标点击情况    click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()    if x + w > mouse[0] > x and y + h > mouse[1] > y:        pygame.draw.rect(window, ac, (x, y, w, h))        if click[0] == 1 and action != None:            action()    else:        pygame.draw.rect(window, ic, (x, y, w, h))    # 设置按钮中的文字样式和居中对齐    font = pygame.font.SysFont('simHei', 20)    smallfont = font.render(msg, True, white)    smallrect = smallfont.get_rect()    smallrect.center = ((x + (w / 2)), (y + (h / 2)))    window.blit(smallfont, smallrect)

def into_game():    while True:        window.blit(init_background, (0, 0))        for event in pygame.event.get():            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                exit_end()        # 设置字体        font = pygame.font.SysFont("simHei", 50)        # 初始界面显示文字        fontsurf = font.render('欢迎来到贪吃蛇大冒险!', True, black)  # 文字        fontrect = fontsurf.get_rect()        fontrect.center = ((480), 200)        window.blit(fontsurf, fontrect)        button("正常模式", 370, 370, 200, 40, blue, brightred, start_game)        button("可穿墙模式", 370, 420, 200, 40, violte, brightred, start_kgame)        button("退出游戏", 370, 470, 200, 40, red, brightred, exit_end)        pygame.display.update()        clock.tick(20)

if __name__ == '__main__':    # 定义需要用到的颜色    white = (255, 255, 255)    red = (200, 0, 0)    green = (0, 128, 0)    blue = (0, 202, 254)    violte = (194, 8, 234)    brightred = (255, 0, 0)    brightgreen = (0, 255, 0)    black = (0, 0, 0)    grey = (129, 131, 129)    # 设计窗口    window = pygame.display.set_mode((960, 600))    # 定义标题    pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇大冒险")    # 定义背景图片    init_background = pygame.image.load("image/init_bgimg.jpg")    background = pygame.image.load("image/bgimg.jpg")    # 背景音乐    pygame.mixer.init()    pygame.mixer.music.load("background.mp3")    # 创建时钟    clock = pygame.time.Clock()    # 初始化，自检所有模块是否完整    pygame.init()    # 初始界面    into_game()